{"id":185,"date":"2025-02-04T07:06:00","date_gmt":"2025-02-04T06:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.contrepointmarcassins.fr\/?p=185"},"modified":"2025-01-15T23:05:19","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T22:05:19","slug":"les-virginalistes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.contrepointmarcassins.fr\/?p=185","title":{"rendered":"Les Virginalistes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans un pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent <a href=\"https:\/\/www.contrepointmarcassins.fr\/?p=43\">article<\/a>, nous avancions qu\u2019au XVIe si\u00e8cle, la majorit\u00e9 de la musique \u00e9crite \u00e9tait vocale. Pour autant, se l\u00e8ve \u00e0 la m\u00eame \u00e9poque l&rsquo;aurore des musiques purement instrumentales ! John Bull, William Byrd, Peter Philips, Giles Farnaby, Orlando Gibbons, tous font partie des compositeurs dits \u201c<strong><em>virginalistes<\/em><\/strong>\u201d, puisqu\u2019ils sont parmi les premiers, <strong>entre 1560 et 1620<\/strong>, \u00e0 composer pour le virginal, instrument \u00e0 clavier, \u00e0 cordes pinc\u00e9es, sorte de petit clavecin portatif (voir image).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Evidemment, \u201c<em>en ses d\u00e9buts, la musique pour virginal consiste principalement en arrangements et transcriptions de pi\u00e8ces vocales<\/em>\u201d, selon les mots du musicologue Marc Vignal.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"434\" src=\"https:\/\/www.contrepointmarcassins.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Virginal-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-186\" style=\"width:444px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.contrepointmarcassins.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Virginal-2.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.contrepointmarcassins.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Virginal-2-300x186.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Voil\u00e0 encore ce qu\u2019en dit Charles van den Borren, musicologue lui aussi, dans la revue <em>Le Mercure Musical<\/em> de novembre 1912:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c<em>Danses, fantaisies, motets, pr\u00e9ludes, airs vari\u00e9s ou amplifi\u00e9s, plain-chant liturgique, d\u00e9fil\u00e9s et mascarades, inventions contrapontiques et pont-neufs, tout le r\u00e9pertoire de la Renaissance a pass\u00e9 par les dix doigts des virginalistes. [&#8230;] Bien peu d\u2019id\u00e9es, parmi celles qui orientent ces pi\u00e8ces, appartiennent \u00e0 l\u2019auteur qui les a trait\u00e9es. Les unes portent manifestement la marque de leur origine, les autres suivent la mode du temps, et sortent de n\u2019importe o\u00f9. Le m\u00e9rite de l\u2019artiste est dans l\u2019effort accompli pour d\u00e9gager le mouvement et la vie d\u2019un th\u00e8me qui vient se poser devant lui. On ne saurait m\u00eame pr\u00e9tendre que le virginaliste se soucie beaucoup de faire sien le bien d\u2019autrui, et de mettre \u00e0 son \u0153uvre un cachet nettement personnel. Il individualise rarement, il musicalise toujours. C\u2019est bien son droit.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>[&#8230;] La gloire des virginalistes, c\u2019est d\u2019avoir voulu, selon le mot d\u2019un po\u00e8te moderne, leur parent spirituel: de la musique avant toute chose. Oubliant les cat\u00e9gories, insoucieux de&nbsp; polyphonie ou d\u2019harmonie, des modes anciens ou modernes, des convenances instrumentales, et des possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019ex\u00e9cution, ils se sont lanc\u00e9s \u00e0 travers la musique, bravement, h\u00e9ro\u00efquement, joyeusement<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Derri\u00e8re ces formules instrumentales abstraites donc, d\u2019humbles travailleurs, magnifiant un patrimoine musical de tous horizons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ecoutons:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-audio\"><audio controls src=\"https:\/\/www.contrepointmarcassins.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Farnaby_-The-Kings-Hunt.mp3\"><\/audio><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Giles Farnaby &#8211; <em>The King\u2019s Hunt<\/em> &#8211; Pierre Hanta\u00ef<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-audio\"><audio controls src=\"https:\/\/www.contrepointmarcassins.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Farnaby_-Tell-Mee-Daphne.mp3\"><\/audio><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Giles Farnaby &#8211; <em>Tell Mee Daphne <\/em>&#8211; Pierre Hanta\u00ef<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-audio\"><audio controls src=\"https:\/\/www.contrepointmarcassins.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Philipps-Bon-jour-mon-coer-LXXIX-Arr.-Peter-Philips.mp3\"><\/audio><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Peter Philips &#8211; <em>Bon jour mon coer <\/em>&#8211; Pieter-Jan Belder<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-audio\"><audio controls src=\"https:\/\/www.contrepointmarcassins.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Bull-Queen-Elizabeths-Chromatic-Pavan-and-Gaillard.mp3\"><\/audio><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">John Bull &#8211; <em>Queen Elisabeth\u2019s Chromatic Galliard <\/em>&#8211; Bob van Asperen<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-audio\"><audio controls src=\"https:\/\/www.contrepointmarcassins.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Byrd-Pavan-2-Galliards-in-A-Minor-Lord-Salisbury-II.-Galliard.mp3\"><\/audio><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">William Byrd &#8211; <em>Galliard en la mineur <\/em>&#8211; Aapo H\u00e4kkinen<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dans un pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent article, nous avancions qu\u2019au XVIe si\u00e8cle, la majorit\u00e9 de la musique \u00e9crite \u00e9tait vocale. Pour autant, se l\u00e8ve \u00e0 la m\u00eame \u00e9poque l&rsquo;aurore des musiques purement instrumentales&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":192,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-185","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-renaissance"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.contrepointmarcassins.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/185","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.contrepointmarcassins.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.contrepointmarcassins.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.contrepointmarcassins.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.contrepointmarcassins.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=185"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.contrepointmarcassins.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/185\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":255,"href":"https:\/\/www.contrepointmarcassins.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/185\/revisions\/255"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.contrepointmarcassins.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/192"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.contrepointmarcassins.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=185"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.contrepointmarcassins.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=185"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.contrepointmarcassins.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=185"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}